Abstract Due to the high-quality steel demand, especially for ultra-low Sulfur steel, RH desulfurization has been practiced. Based on this, mathematical and physical modeling have been applied to study steel desulfurization by reagent addition in the RH degasser vacuum chamber. The main result of cold modeling, using water and oil emulating steel and slag, respectively, was to assess the influence of density difference between the continuous and disperse phases on oil droplet behavior. It is shown that its flow tends to be more restricted near the down snorkel when the density difference increases. Moreover, these results provide the basis for CFD modeling validation, which enabled the determination of slag drop residence time inside steel on RH and the average value of the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy inside the RH ladle. These two parameters were used to develop a kinetic model, which reaches a good agreement with industrial trial results available in literature. The optimum desulfurization degree of 31.44% was achieved for a gas flow rate of 90 Nm3/h, according to the kinetic model. This value can be useful in some steel grade production, where the required S content is less than 10 ppm. Even in common steel grade production, if some punctual chemical adjustment is necessary, this technique is also useful. The main kinetic parameter for steel desulfurization is the steel circulation rate. For best results, it should be reduced in the desulfurization stage, and after that, the normal operation can be resumed, so that the production cycle is not affected.

Resumo O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar garante por meio da transferência de recursos financeiros a alimentação de alunos em escolas públicas e filantrópicas. Na adolescência, a boa nutrição é influenciada pelas taxas de crescimento físico e de alterações na composição corporal, sendo um período importante de vulnerabilidade nutricional. Objetivou-se analisar a adequação de macro e micronutrientes oferecidos aos adolescentes de escolas públicas de tempo integral no Nordeste do Brasil. Os cardápios foram avaliados utilizando os parâmetros para o atendimento de 70% das necessidades nutricionais diárias de macronutrientes e micronutrientes dos alunos beneficiários. Nota-se que, na maioria das faixas etárias, não houve o atendimento das necessidades energéticas, atingindo o percentual máximo de adequação de 86,2%. Houve adequação de proteínas em quatro dias apenas. O valor médio de carboidratos e lipídios estiveram abaixo do recomendado para todos os grupos etários. Os teores de Vitamina C, zinco e cálcio estiveram abaixo na maioria das preparações oferecidas. A quantidade de ferro foi alcançada em todas as faixas etárias. Conclui-se que deve haver um melhor planejamento na elaboração dos cardápios para tentar alcançar as necessidades previstas pelo Programa.

Abstract The National School Food Program guarantees the food of students in public and philanthropic schools by means of the transfer of funds. During adolescence, which is an important period of nutritional vulnerability, a healthy diet is responsible for the rates of physical growth and changes in body composition. The objective was to analyze the adequacy of macro- and micronutrients provided to adolescents in full-time public schools in northeastern Brazil. The menus were evaluated using the parameters to meet 70% of the daily nutritional needs in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients of the students involved. It was found that, for most age groups, energy requirements were not met, attaining the maximum adequacy of 86.2%, and protein ingestion was only sufficient on four days. The average amount of carbohydrates and lipids was below the recommended dose for all age groups. The levels of Vitamin C, zinc and calcium were insufficient in most of the meals on offer, though the iron quota was adequate for all age groups. The conclusion drawn is that enhanced planning needs to be incorporated in the preparation of menus to attempt to attain the requirements stipulated in the Program.

Resumo O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar garante por meio da transferência de recursos financeiros a alimentação de alunos em escolas públicas e filantrópicas. Na adolescência, a boa nutrição é influenciada pelas taxas de crescimento físico e de alterações na composição corporal, sendo um período importante de vulnerabilidade nutricional. Objetivou-se analisar a adequação de macro e micronutrientes oferecidos aos adolescentes de escolas públicas de tempo integral no Nordeste do Brasil. Os cardápios foram avaliados utilizando os parâmetros para o atendimento de 70% das necessidades nutricionais diárias de macronutrientes e micronutrientes dos alunos beneficiários. Nota-se que, na maioria das faixas etárias, não houve o atendimento das necessidades energéticas, atingindo o percentual máximo de adequação de 86,2%. Houve adequação de proteínas em quatro dias apenas. O valor médio de carboidratos e lipídios estiveram abaixo do recomendado para todos os grupos etários. Os teores de Vitamina C, zinco e cálcio estiveram abaixo na maioria das preparações oferecidas. A quantidade de ferro foi alcançada em todas as faixas etárias. Conclui-se que deve haver um melhor planejamento na elaboração dos cardápios para tentar alcançar as necessidades previstas pelo Programa.

Abstract The National School Food Program guarantees the food of students in public and philanthropic schools by means of the transfer of funds. During adolescence, which is an important period of nutritional vulnerability, a healthy diet is responsible for the rates of physical growth and changes in body composition. The objective was to analyze the adequacy of macro- and micronutrients provided to adolescents in full-time public schools in northeastern Brazil. The menus were evaluated using the parameters to meet 70% of the daily nutritional needs in terms of macronutrients and micronutrients of the students involved. It was found that, for most age groups, energy requirements were not met, attaining the maximum adequacy of 86.2%, and protein ingestion was only sufficient on four days. The average amount of carbohydrates and lipids was below the recommended dose for all age groups. The levels of Vitamin C, zinc and calcium were insufficient in most of the meals on offer, though the iron quota was adequate for all age groups. The conclusion drawn is that enhanced planning needs to be incorporated in the preparation of menus to attempt to attain the requirements stipulated in the Program.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to identify the level of knowledge of animal protein consumers about the welfare of production animals, in Belém city, Pará State, Brazil. The survey was carried out in two supermarkets, using 401 structured questionnaires, with 10 closed questions, with a “Yes” or “No” answer, taking into consideration, for the formation of a socioeconomic profile, questions related to gender, age group, educational level and family income of the interviewees. Most consumers of animal protein from the municipality of Belém, Pará State, Brazil, recognize that these products are part of their daily diet, however, the interviewees have no knowledge about the topic, and are not willing to pay more for the product with a seal of quality, as well as showing no interest or concern with the way animals are reared or slaughtered. The age group of consumers influences the level of knowledge about the welfare of production animals, observing that consumers aged 40 to 50 years have more knowledge on the subject. Education was a decisive factor in determining the level of knowledge of animal protein consumers about the welfare of production animals, as consumers from high school had more knowledge about the subject.

Abstract In order to improve steel quality, it is necessary to increase the cleanliness of the liquid steel; that is, to reduce the number and size of the inclusions in the liquid steel, as well as to control their chemical composition. For this purpose, processes (with different operating costs) are used, such as the bubbling of inert gas in the steel ladle and its treatment in the vacuum degasser RH. This article deals with inclusion removal through an argon purging process and RH treatment, and provides a comparison of their effectiveness using industrial data and a mathematical model. The inclusion count shows a strong exponential decay for RH treated heats with chemical heating, as expected. The same behavior is not seen for RH treated heats without chemical heating as well as an argon purging process. It is suggested that in the later cases, there could exist competition between inclusion removal and inclusion generation from sources, such as refractory-slag-metal interaction and open eye atmosphere metal interaction. It has been concluded that the RH and the argon purging processes are both able to reduce the amount of inclusions. However, the bubbling process would require a much smaller gas flow rate to avoid open eye formation.

Abstract The developed model is an association of thermodynamic calculations for dissolution of alloys, slag formers and the deoxidation reaction in the molten steel with two artificial neural network (ANN) models trained with industrial data, to predict the molten steel temperature drop from the blowing end of the BOF until the first measurement at secondary metallurgy. To calculate the associated energy for deoxidation, an experiment was designed to set up the parameters for oxygen partitioning among deoxidants, with timed aluminum addition during teeming being the main parameter. The temperature control in the teeming stage presented a standard deviation for the error of prediction of 5.46 ºC, for transportation from the rinsing station to the secondary metallurgy of 2.79 ºC. The association of all calculations presented an error standard deviation of 7.49 ºC. The operational validation presented superior accuracy compared with the current method for controlling the temperature, resulting in a reduction in the aluminum consumption for heating at secondary metallurgy with a potential economy of U$ 4.07 million per year for a steel shop producing 5 million tons of steel yearly. The artificial neural network model confirmed its capacity for modeling a complex multivariable process and the separation of thermodynamic calculation provides a better adaptability to different steel grades with different teeming strategies.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, analítica e de caráter quantitativo, que foi realizada em um hospital público localizado na cidade de Fortaleza/CE, , tendo como amostra 112 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Como instrumento para coleta dos dados foi utilizado o questionário BAROS e um questionário para determinação de fatores socioeconômicos. Com 83% da amostra composta de mulheres, 53,3% não haviam concluído o ensino médio, a renda média foi de até três salários mínimos e a média de idade foi de 43,84 anos. O IMC médio foi de 51,02Kg/m² antes da cirurgia bariátrica e após a cirurgia de 33,4 Kg/m². Entre os pacientes, 46,4% haviam realizado cirurgia há mais de cinco anos e quanto á qualidade de vida, 69,4% referiram se sentirem muito melhor após a cirurgia bariátrica. O IMC e a renda familiar apresentaram influência sobre a qualidade de vida dos pacientes demonstrando diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Concluiu-se que a cirurgia bariátrica pode promover um impacto positivo no combate à obesidade, sendo a condição pós-cirurgia bariátrica e seus efeitos os responsáveis por uma condição de melhor qualidade de vida em diferentes dimensões da mesma.

The aim of the present study was o assess the quality of life of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. A cross-sectional quantitative analysis was applied on a public hospital at Fortaleza/CE, with 112 participants that underwent bariatric surgery. Two questionnaires were applied: BAROS and a series of socioeconomical questions. 83% of the sample were females, 53,3% did not completed high-school, with a minimum wage up- to 3 base salaries and a mean age of 43,84 years. Mean BMI pre-surgery was 51,02Kg/m² and it was 33,4 Kg/m² post-surgery. Among the sample, 46,4% underwent surgery for more than 5 years and 69,4& reported a better quality of life post-surgery. BMI and financial income seemed to influence the quality of life of patients, showing significant differences. It was concluded that bariatric surgery might promote a positive impact on the quality of life of patients.

Abstract In the steel industry, lime is used as a desulfurizing agent and fluorspar as flux in the hot metal desulfurization process. However there are environmental concerns regarding the use of fluorspar, even when its harmful effects are not fully known. In order to reduce such risks and also to anticipate possible future restrictions, which could undermine the sustainability of steel production, it is proposed to replace the fluorspar for alternative materials in the composition of the desulfurizing lime based mixture. For this purpose new mixtures using aluminum dross, ilmenite, sodalite and ulexite were tested, comparing them with a reference mixture containing fluorspar. The impact of these mixtures on the refractories commonly used in hot metal pretreatment was also checked, since this is an important cost parameter for the steel industries. The laboratory tests showed ulexite as a feasible substitute since the lime (84.03%) - ulexite (10.97%) - graphite (5%) mixture presented the highest desulfurization ratio and low refractory wear (less than the standard fluorspar mixture). The sodalite mixture was the worst by comparison. The ilmenite and aluminum dross mixtures showed similar behavior when compared to the fluorspar mixture.

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção da mãe sobre a alta hospitalar e o cuidado do recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio após a primeira semana de alta. Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, com uso da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, desenvolvida no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro (follow-up) do Hospital da Rede Pública Estadual de Fortaleza, em outubro e novembro de 2011. As participantes foram nove mães de recém-nascido prematuro após primeira semana de alta. Aplicou-se análise do conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram para as categorias: Orientações sobre o cuidado com o prematuro durante a alta hospitalar; Sentimentos e dificuldades com a chegada do bebê no domicílio; e Apoio familiar no cuidado do prematuro. O estudo evidenciou que algumas mães não receberam orientações da equipe multiprofissional da neonatologia acerca do cuidado bebê após alta hospitalar, reforçando que elas levam o bebê para o domicílio sem estar preparadas para a nova realidade.

It aimed at learning about the mother's perception in a hospital and the care of premature newborns at home after the first week of discharge. Descriptive, qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews to collect data, developed in the outpatient follow-up of premature (Follow up) of the State Public Hospital Network of Fortaleza, in October and November 2011. The participants were nine mothers of preterm infants after the first week of discharge. It was applied the analyzis the content for data analysis. The results pointed to the categories: Guidelines on the care of premature infants during discharge; feelings and difficulties with the baby's arrival at home; family support in the care of premature infants. The study showed that some mothers were not instructed interdisciplinary team of neonatology care about the baby after discharge, stressing that they take the baby to the household without being prepared for the new reality.

Dirigido a aprender acerca de la percepción de la madre sobre el alta hospitalaria y el cuidado de los recién-nacidos prematuros en el hogar después de la primera semana de alta. Enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar datos, desarrollado en el ambulatorio de seguimiento del prematuro (Follow Up) del Hospital de la Red Pública del Estado de Fortaleza, en octubre y noviembre de 2011. Participaron nueve madres de bebés prematuros después de la primera semana de alta. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido para la observación de los datos. Los resultados apuntan para las siguientes categorías: Orientaciones para el cuidado con los bebés prematuros durante el alta; Sentimientos y dificultades con la llegada del bebé al hogar; Apoyo familiar en el cuidado de los bebés prematuros. El estudio demostró que algunas madres no recibieron instrucciones del equipo interdisciplinario de atención de neonatología acerca del cuidado con el bebé después del alta, reforzando que las madres llevan al bebé a la casa sin estar preparadas para la nueva realidad.

It aimed at learning about the mother's perception in a hospital and the care of premature newborns at home after the first week of discharge. Descriptive, qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews to collect data, developed in the outpatient follow-up of premature (Follow up) of the State Public Hospital Network of Fortaleza, in October and November 2011. The participants were nine mothers of preterm infants after the first week of discharge. It was applied the analyzis the content for data analysis. The results pointed to the categories: Guidelines on the care of premature infants during discharge; feelings and difficulties with the baby's arrival at home; family support in the care of premature infants. The study showed that some mothers were not instructed interdisciplinary team of neonatology care about the baby after discharge, stressing that they take the baby to the household without being prepared for the new reality.

Dirigido a aprender acerca de la percepción de la madre sobre el alta hospitalaria y el cuidado de los recién-nacidos prematuros en el hogar después de la primera semana de alta. Enfoque descriptivo, cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar datos, desarrollado en el ambulatorio de seguimiento del prematuro (Follow Up) del Hospital de la Red Pública del Estado de Fortaleza, en octubre y noviembre de 2011. Participaron nueve madres de bebés prematuros después de la primera semana de alta. Se aplicó el análisis de contenido para la observación de los datos. Los resultados apuntan para las siguientes categorías: Orientaciones para el cuidado con los bebés prematuros durante el alta; Sentimientos y dificultades con la llegada del bebé al hogar; Apoyo familiar en el cuidado de los bebés prematuros. El estudio demostró que algunas madres no recibieron instrucciones del equipo interdisciplinario de atención de neonatología acerca del cuidado con el bebé después del alta, reforzando que las madres llevan al bebé a la casa sin estar preparadas para la nueva realidad.

Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção da mãe sobre a alta hospitalar e o cuidado do recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio após a primeira semana de alta. Pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, com uso da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados, desenvolvida no ambulatório de seguimento do prematuro (follow-up) do Hospital da Rede Pública Estadual de Fortaleza, em outubro e novembro de 2011. As participantes foram nove mães de recém-nascido prematuro após primeira semana de alta. Aplicou-se análise do conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram para as categorias: Orientações sobre o cuidado com o prematuro durante a alta hospitalar; Sentimentos e dificuldades com a chegada do bebê no domicílio; e Apoio familiar no cuidado do prematuro. O estudo evidenciou que algumas mães não receberam orientações da equipe multiprofissional da neonatologia acerca do cuidado bebê após alta hospitalar, reforçando que elas levam o bebê para o domicílio sem estar preparadas para a nova realidade.

Informações digitais tornam possível um elevado grau de redundância das informações disponíveis para o ajuste de modelos preditores aplicados ao Mapeamento Digital de Solos (MDS). Entre esses modelos, a técnica de Árvores de Decisão (AD) tem aplicação crescente, em razão da sua potência no tratamento de grandes volumes de dados. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o impacto do volume de dados utilizados para gerar os modelos por AD, na qualidade dos mapas de solos gerados pela técnica de MDS. Uma área de estudo com 889,33 km² foi escolhida na região do Planalto Médio do Rio Grande do Sul. As relações solo-paisagem foram obtidas a partir de reambulação da área de estudo e delineamento das unidades de mapeamento em cartas topográficas de escala 1:50.000. Seis covariáveis preditoras ligadas aos fatores de formação do solo, relevo e organismos, juntamente com os conjuntos de dados de um, três, cinco, 10, 15, 20 e 25 % do volume total de dados, foram usadas para gerar os modelos preditivos por AD no programa WEKA. Neste estudo, densidades de amostragem menores do que 5 % resultaram em modelos com menor poder de capturar a complexidade da distribuição espacial do solo da área estudada. Amostragens entre cinco e 15 % conduziram a uma melhor relação entre o volume de dados a ser manipulado e a capacidade preditiva dos modelos gerados. Dados coletados no campo indicaram acurácia dos mapas preditos próxima a 70 %, para os modelos oriundos dessas densidades de amostragem.

Digital information generates the possibility of a high degree of redundancy in the data available for fitting predictive models used for Digital Soil Mapping (DSM). Among these models, the Decision Tree (DT) technique has been increasingly applied due to its capacity of dealing with large datasets. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the data volume used to generate the DT models on the quality of soil maps. An area of 889.33 km² was chosen in the Northern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The soil-landscape relationship was obtained from reambulation of the studied area and the alignment of the units in the 1:50,000 scale topographic mapping. Six predictive covariates linked to the factors soil formation, relief and organisms, together with data sets of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % of the total data volume, were used to generate the predictive DT models in the data mining program Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). In this study, sample densities below 5 % resulted in models with lower power of capturing the complexity of the spatial distribution of the soil in the study area. The relation between the data volume to be handled and the predictive capacity of the models was best for samples between 5 and 15 %. For the models based on these sample densities, the collected field data indicated an accuracy of predictive mapping close to 70 %.

OBJETIVO: Determinar os dados demográficos, clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes com litíase urinária em Fortaleza (CE). PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo documental baseado em dados secundários de 197 pacientes litiásicos de Fortaleza, entre 1996-2006. Foram realizadas avaliação clínica e metabólica na urina de 24 horas, para medida de volume urinário e dosagens de creatinina, cálcio, fósforo, ácido úrico, sódio, potássio e magnésio. O pH e a densidade foram determinados na primeira urina da manhã. A cistinúria foi definida por meio da análise de cristais e/ou cálculos. RESULTADOS: A relação homem:mulher foi de 1:1,7. A média de idade na primeira sintomatologia foi de 35,8 ± 13,3 anos, não havendo diferença entre os gêneros. A faixa etária mais acometida foi entre 20 e 39 anos (56,3%); 72,4% apresentaram cólica nefrética, 69,5% procuraram a emergência médica, 46,7% apresentaram um episódio de litíase e 53,3% eram recorrentes. O rim direito foi o mais afetado (44,4%) nas mulheres, enquanto que nos homens o acometimento foi bilateral (39,7%). As principais alterações metabólicas encontradas foram hipernatriúria (80,7%), seguida de hipercalciúria (48,7%), hiperuricosúria (17,3%) e cistinúria em 5 (2,5%). A média do pH urinário foi de 5,74 ± 0,59 e da densidade urinária, de 1015,6 ± 7,1. O volume urinário foi baixo em 43% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Em nosso meio, a litíase acomete adultos jovens entre 20-39 anos, com predominância do gênero feminino, e os distúrbios mais frequentes, em ordem decrescente, foram hipernatriúria, hipercalciúria e hiperuricosúria, associadas à baixa ingestão de líquidos.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of patients with urolithiasis in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Secondary data were collected from the medical records of 197 patients with urolithiasis, during the period 1996-2006. Clinical evaluation and 24-h urine collection for measurements of urinary volume, creatinine, calcium, phosphorous, uric acid, sodium, potassium and magnesium were performed. Density and pH value were determined in a first-voided morning urine sample. Cystinuria was detected by stone and/or crystal analysis. RESULTS: The male/female ratio was 1:1.7. The average age of symptom onset was 35.8 ± 13.3 years, with no significant difference between the genders. The most affected age range was 20-39 years (56.3%). Patients reported renal colic (72.4%), emergency room attendance (69.5%), a single episode of lithiasis (46.7%) or recurrent episodes (53.3%). The right kidney was most often affected in women (44.4%), while men suffered predominantly from bilateral lithiasis (39.7%). The main metabolic changes observed were hypernatriuria (80.7%), hypercalciuria (48.7%), hyperuricosuria (17.3%), and cystinuria in 5 patients (2.5%). The average pH value and density were 5.74 ± 0.59 and 1015.6 ± 7.1, respectively. Urinary volume was low in 43% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Lithiasis was most prevalent in adults aged 20-39 years, and affected predominantly women in our region. The most frequent metabolic changes, in descending order, were hypernatriuria, followed by hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria, associated with low fluid intake.

Alloying element like boron, even in small addition, is well known to improve hardenability of steels. Its application can improve mechanical properties of steels and reduce alloying costs. Despite these benefits is not easy to cast boron steels, mainly in dynamical solidification process like continuous casting, due to their crack susceptibility1,2. The strategy of using Phase-Field simulation of the solidification process is based on its proved capacity of predicting realistic microstructure that emerge during solidification under conditions even far from equilibrium3-5. Base on this, some comparative simulations were performed using a three component dilute alloy in a two dimensional domain under unconstrained (isothermal) and constrained (directional) solidification. Simulation results suggested two fragile mechanisms: one related to a deep dendritic primary arms space and other due to the remelting of this region at low temperature. Both resulted mainly from the high boron segregation in interdendritic regions.

A hipertensão arterial é um dos principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e atinge parcela considerável da população brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos Profissionais de Educação Física que atuavam com alunos hipertensos, comparando-os com os profissionais que não atuavam. Participaram 400 profissionais que atuavam nas academias de ginástica do Município de Fortaleza, CE. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre o conhecimento de critérios da hipertensão arterial, tipos de exames laboratoriais solicitados, tipo de hipertensão dos alunos, cuidados gerais para a prática de atividade física e recomendações para adquirir um melhor controle da hipertensão. Dos 400, 302 (75,5%) atuavam com alunos hipertensos, destes, 236 (59%) baseavam-se apenas na informação do aluno para o diagnóstico de hipertensão. A respeito das situações em que os profissionais contra-indicavam a atividade física para alunos hipertensos, 130 (43,1%) informaram PA elevada, 47 (15,5%) nenhuma situação e (21,5%) não sabiam informar. Sobre a mensuração da PA antes e depois da atividade física, observamos que a maioria (62,3%) dos profissionais que atuavam com alunos hipertensos não verificava a PA. O conhecimento desses profissionais acerca da hipertensão arterial em academias foi insuficiente. Sugere-se que estudos mais específicos sejam realizados a fim de obterem-se dados que auxiliem na elaboração de programas voltados à atuação do profissional que esclareçam as necessidades do aluno hipertenso nas academias de ginástica.

Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and affects a substantial part of the Brazilian population. The objective of this study was to compare the level of knowledge between Physical Education Professionals who worked with hypertensive students in gyms and those who did not. A total of 400 professionals working in gyms in the Municipality of Fortaleza-CE participated in the study. A questionnaire containing the following information was used: knowledge about criteria for hypertension, types of laboratory tests, types of hypertension in the students, general care during physical activity, and recommendations for a better control of hypertension. Among the 400 professionals, 302 (75.5%) worked with hypertensive students. Of these, 236 (59%) based their diagnosis of hypertension solely on the report of the students. Regarding the situations in which the professionals contraindicated physical activity for the hypertensive students, 43.1% reported high blood pressure, 15.5% reported no situation, and 21.5% had no information. With respect o blood pressure measurement before and after physical activity, most of the professionals (62.3%) working with hypertensive students did not measure the student's blood pressure. The knowledge of the professionals about hypertension in gyms was insufficient. More specific studies are necessary to obtain data that will contribute to the development of programs designed for Physical Education Professionals that establish the needs of hypertensive students in gyms.

FUNDAMENTO: Cronicamente, os glicocorticóides induzem alterações cardiometabólicas adversas, incluindo resistência à insulina, diabete, dislipidemia, esteatose hepática e hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da prática regular de exercício físico aeróbio sobre as alterações cardiometabólicas induzidas por administração crônica de dexametasona (Dex - 0,5 mg/kg/dia i.p) em ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos (n = 24) foram divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo controle; Grupo treinado; Grupo tratado com Dex e Grupo tratado com Dex e treinado. O treinamento físico (iniciado 72 horas após a primeira dose de Dex) foi realizado 3 vezes por semana, até o final do tratamento. Ao final desse período, realizaram-se as seguintes avaliações bioquímicas: glicemia em jejum, teste de tolerância à glicose e análise do perfil lipídico no sangue que incluiu colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c e triglicerídeos (TG). O peso do músculo gastrocnêmio, análise histopatológica do fígado e os índices cardiometabólicos (CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c e TG/HDL-c) também foram avaliados. RESULTADOS: Observou-se hiperglicemia, menor tolerância à glicose, elevação do CT, LDL-c, VLDL-c e TG, diminuição do HDL-c, presença de esteatose hepática, hipotrofia muscular e elevação dos índices CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c e TG/HDL-c nos animais tratados com Dex. O exercício físico reduziu a hiperglicemia, melhorou a tolerância à glicose, reduziu a dislipidemia e preveniu a esteatose hepática , a hipotrofia muscular e reduziu os índices CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c e TG/HDL-c. Entretanto, não houve efeito significante do treinamento físico sobre o HDL-c. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico aeróbio tem efeito protetor contra as alterações cardiometabólicas induzidas pelo uso crônico de glicocorticóides.

BACKGROUND: Chronically, glucocorticoids induce adverse cardiometabolic alterations including insulin resistance, diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and arterial hypertension. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of regular practice of aerobic exercise on cardiometabolic alterations induced by chronic administration of dexamethasone (Dex - 0.5 mg/kg/day ip) in rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided in four groups: Control group; Trained group; Treated with Dex group and Treated with Dex and trained group. The exercise training (initiated 72 hours after the first dose of Dex) was carried out three times a week until the end of the treatment. At the end of this period, the following biochemical assessments were performed: fasting glycemia, oral glucose tolerance test and analysis of the blood lipid profile that included total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c and triglycerides (TG). The weight of the gastrocnemius muscle, the histopathological analysis of the liver and cardiometabolic indices (TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c) were also performed. RESULTS: Hyperglycemia, lower glucose tolerance, increased TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c, TG, CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c, decreased HDL-c, presence of liver steatosis and muscular hypotrophy were observed in the animals treated with Dex. The exercise training reduced hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance, decreased dyslipidemia and prevented liver steatosis, muscular hypotrophy and reduced CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and TG/HDL-c ratios. However, there was no significant effect on HDL-c. CONCLUSION: The aerobic exercise training have a protective effect against the cardiometabolic alterations induced by the chronic use of glucocorticoids.

FUNDAMENTO: Crónicamente, los glucocorticoides inducen alteraciones cardiometabólicas adversas, incluyendo resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, dislipidemia, esteatosis hepática e hipertensión arterial. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar el efecto de la práctica regular de ejercicio físico aeróbico sobre las alteraciones cardiometabólicas inducidas por administración crónica de dexametasona (Dex - 0,5 mg/kg/día i.p) en ratones. MÉTODOS: Se dividieron ratones Wistar machos (n = 24) en cuatro grupos: Grupo control; Grupo entrenado; Grupo tratado con Dex y Grupo tratado con Dex y entrenado. El entrenamiento físico (iniciado 72 horas después de la primera dosis de Dex) se realizó 3 veces por semana, hasta el final del tratamiento. Al final de ese período, se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones bioquímicas: glicemia en ayunas, test de tolerancia a la glucosa y análisis del perfil lipídico en sangre que incluyó colesterol total (CT), LDL-c, HDL-c, VLDL-c y triglicéridos (TG). También se evaluaron, el peso del músculo gastrocnemio, análisis histopatológico del hígado y los índices cardiometabólicos (CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c y TG/HDL-c). RESULTADOS: Se observó hiperglicemia, menor tolerancia a la glucosa, elevación de CT, LDL-c, VLDL-c y TG, disminución del HDL-c, presencia de esteatosis hepática, hipotrofia muscular y elevación de los índices CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c y TG/HDL-c en los animales tratados con Dex. El ejercicio físico redujo la hiperglicemia, mejoró la tolerancia a la glucosa, redujo la dislipidemia y previno la esteatosis hepática, la hipotrofia muscular y redujo los índices CT/HDL-c, LDL-c/ HDL-c ye TG/HDL-c. Con todo, no hubo efecto significativo del entrenamiento físico sobre el HDL-c. CONCLUSIÓN: El ejercicio físico aeróbico tiene efecto protector con las alteraciones cardiometabólicas inducidas por el uso crónico de glucocorticoides.